National Land Cover Database Zone 04 Land Cover Layer

Metadata also available as

Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 20030901
Title: National Land Cover Database Zone 04 Land Cover Layer
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: None
Issue_Identification: None
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other_Citation_Details:
References: Homer, C., C. Huang, L. Yang, B. Wylie and M. Coan, 2004. Development of a 2001 national land cover database for the United States. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing Vol.70,No.7,pp 829-840 or online at www.mrlc.gov/publications. The USGS acknowledges the support of NOAA and Earth Satellite Corp in development of data in this zone.
Online_Linkage: <http://www.mrlc.gov>
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Services Center (CSC)/Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP)
Publication_Date: 20031001
Title: C-CAP California 2000-Era Land Cover Metadata
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: NOAA CSC, Charleston, SC
Publisher: NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP)
Online_Linkage: <http://www.csc.noaa.gov>
Description:
Abstract:
The National Land Cover Database 2001 land cover layer for mapping zone 04 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies (www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution. This landcover map and all documents pertaining to it are considered "provisional" until a formal accuracy assessment can be conducted. For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer et al. (2004) and <http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp>.

The NLCD 2001 is created by partitioning the U.S. into mapping zones. A total of 66 mapping zones were delineated within the conterminous U.S. based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge matching features and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics. Mapping zone 04 encompasses whole or portions of several states, including the states of California. Questions about the NLCD mapping zone 04 can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.

Purpose:
The goal of this project is to provide the Nation with complete, current and consistent public domain information on its land use and land cover.
Supplemental_Information:
Corner Coordinates (center of pixel, projection meters) Upper Left Corner: -2302710.00 meters(X), 1991340.00 meters(Y) Lower Right Corner: -1824450.00 meters(X), 1242870.00 meters(Y)
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20000420
Ending_Date: 20020617
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: In work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.777682
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -115.735672
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.037793
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.626693
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Land Cover
Theme_Keyword: GIS
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: digital spatial data
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Category
Theme_Keyword: imagery
Theme_Keyword: Base Maps
Theme_Keyword: Earth Cover
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, and their principal administrative divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard 10-4,): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: U.S.
Place_Keyword: US
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: zone 04
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology
Place_Keyword: California
Place_Keyword: CA
Place_Keyword: US West Coast
Place_Keyword: Coastal Zone
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: None
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS/EROS
Address: 47914 252nd Street
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605/594-6151
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605/594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
Contact_Instructions:
The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site. For questions regarding data content and quality, refer to: <http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp> or email: mrlc@usgs.gov
Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey, NOAA, Earth Satellite Corp
Security_Information:
Security_Classification_System: None
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: N/A
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
According to accuracy assessment performed by Earth Satellite Corp, the overall accuracy is 88% and 85.5% Kappa. Each class accuracy is as follows: (Errors of Omission/Commission) 0 Background (N/A) 1 Unclassified (Cloud, Shadow, etc)(N/A) 2 High Intensity Developed (94%/99%) 3 Low Intensity Developed (95%/96%) 4 Cultivated Land (80%/83%) 5 Grassland (89%/87%) 6 Deciduous Forest (72%/100%) 7 Evergreen Forest (91%/92%) 8 Mixed Forest (61%/51%) 9 Scrub/Shrub (89%/90%) 10 Palustrine Forested Wetland (80%/86%) 11 Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland (81%/81%) 12 Palustrine Emergent Wetland (78%/78%) 13 Estuarine Forested Wetland (N/A) 14 Estuarine Scrub/Shrub Wetland (50%/100%) 15 Estuarine Emergent Wetland (97%/93%) 16 Unconsolidated Shore (92%/92%) 17 Bare Land (83%/84%) 18 Water (99%/100%) 19 Palustrine Aquatic Bed (N/A) 20 Estuarine Aquatic Bed (100%/97%) 21 Tundra (N/A) 22 Snow/Ice (100%/100%) The validation points were both collected in the field and interpreted in the lab using NWI (National Wetlands Inventory), terraserver (<http://terraserver.microsoft.com/default.aspx>), and the California Coastal Records Project (<http://www.californiacoastline.org/cgi-bin/lookupform.cgi>). There were 3781 points used for accuracy assessment total. 3481 were collected in the field and 300 were added in the lab in order to fill in some classes that had too few validation points. The field collected validation points were collected concurrently with the training points. After collection, all of the field points were split into 30 evenly populated chunks. Then the chunks were placed into two files in alternating fashion. One of the files became the training file and one the validation file. The validation points were then processed so that only points that were placed at least 1000 meters away from other validation points of the same class were kept. The rest were discarded and deleted. The validation points were not used in any processing or viewed until used to run the accuracy assessment. The final classification was stratified by 3x3 contiguous areas before assessment. Therefore only 3x3 contiguous areas in the classification were eligible for assessment. Also as part of the assessment, NOAA staff field tested the classification to determine a subjective goodness of fit.

Post-Processing Steps: None

Known Problems: None

Spatial Filters: None

Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:
Attribute_Accuracy_Value: 88
Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation:
The U.S. Geological Survey can make no guarantee as to the accuracy or completeness of this information, and it is provided with the understanding that it is not guaranteed to be correct or complete. Conclusions drawn from this information are the responsibility of the user.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The NLCD 2001 database for mapping zone 04 consists of three main data products including: (1) per pixel classified land-cover data (2) sub-pixel percent imperviousness and (3) sub-pixel percent tree canopy density. The land-cover database also includes three additional metadata layers that provide users a spatial node map of the land cover classification. The three layers are: (a) a spatial node map of the land cover classification, (b) a spatial confidence map of the land cover classification, and, (c) a text file of logical statements related to the land cover classification.

Conceptually, the descriptive tree is a classification tree generated by using the final minimum-map- unit land cover product (1 acre) as training data, and Landsat and other ancillary data as predictors. The goal of the descriptive tree is to summarize the effects of boosted trees (10 sequential classification trees) into a single condensed decision tree that can be used as a diagnostic tool for the classification process. This descriptive tree can be used to assess the relative importance of each of the input data sets on each land cover class. Such information may also be useful to customize the minimum-mapping-unit classification to meet a user's specific needs through raster modeling. Descriptive trees usually capture 60 to 80% of the information from the original land cover data.

The leaf or terminal nodes of the descriptive tree are assigned to sequential numbers (called node numbers) and mapped across the entire mapping zone on a pixel-by-pixel basis. These node numbers can then be matched with the various conditional statements associated with each respective terminal node. This spatial layer appears similar to a cluster map, but is the result of a supervised classification - not an unsupervised clustering. This node map can potentially be used as input by users to customize NLCD land cover, by linking the spatial extent of an individual node with the rules of the conditional statement.

The Land Cover spatial classification confidence data layer is provided to users to help determine the per-pixel spatial confidence of the NLCD 2001 land cover prediction from the descriptive tree. The C5 algorithm produces an estimate (a value between 0% and 100%) that indicates the confidence of rule predictions at each node based on the training data. This spatial confidence map should be considered as only one indicator of relative reliability of the land cover classification, rather than a precise estimate. Users should be aware that this estimate is made based on only training data, and is derived from a generalized descriptive decision tree that reproduces the final land cover data. However, this layer provides valuable insight for a user to determine the risk or confidence they choose to place in each pixel of land cover.

A logic statement from a descriptive tree classification describes each classification rule for each classified pixel. An example of the logic statement follows:

IF tasseled-cap wetness > 140 and imperviousness = 0 and canopy density < 4, then classify as Water

This logic file can be used in combination with the spatial node map to identify classification logic and allow modifications of the classification based on user's knowledge and/or additional data sets.

Additional information may be found at <http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k_nlcd.asp>.

Completeness_Report:
This NLCD product of mapping zone 04 Land Cover layer is the version dated November 8, 2006.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: N/A
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: N/A
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
This dataset was created by Earth Satellite Corporation. This version of the classification is the late-date (2000-era). The study area is the Coastal California Region. An early-date (1995-era) classification is also available for the same area. Summary: This section outlines the classification procedure for the California C-CAP. First the imagery was pre-processed to remove cloud contamination. Then field points were taken to be used as training and also accuracy assessment. The training points were used as the dependent variable in the CART (Classification Analysis by Regression Tree) approach. The tasseled cap Landsat TM imagery for three dates were used as the independent variables. Ancillary datasets were also used as independent variables. After many attempts, a rough classification was produced. Then continuous regression tree masks of urban and other features were created to refine certain categories. The result of this produced the provisional classification. Then models were applied to this data to incorporate information from ancillary data. The result of this was the final-no-edits version of the classification. This represented a fully automated product. This product was then altered by hand edits to refine further the classification. This produced the final-with-edits version which is the final version of the classification and is the one described here. Pre-processing steps: Each Landsat TM scene was geo-referenced by USGS (United States Geological Survey) EROS. Then EarthSat staff verified the scenes for spatial accuracy to within 2 pixels. The data was geo-referenced to Albers Conical Equal Area, with a spheroid of GRS 1980, and Datum of WGS84. The data units is in meters. The California TM data was delivered in the form of USGS zone mosaics. The data was tasseled cap transformed. Three dates of each zone TM data were received: leaf-on, leaf-off, and spring. All clouds were removed using an automated cloud removal process. Then the cloud holes in the data were filled in by using a CART technique to predict the data based on regression analysis among the other two dates. Acquisition dates of Landsat ETM+ (TM) scenes used for land cover classification in zone 04 are as follows: SPRING-
Index 1 for Path 39/Row 37 on 03/22/02 = Scene_ID 7039037000208150
Index 2 for Path 40/Row 36 on 02/09/02 = Scene_ID 7040036000204050
Index 3 for Path 40/Row 37 on 02/25/02 = Scene_ID 7040037000205650
Index 4 for Path 41/Row 36 on 03/04/02 = Scene_ID 7041036000206350
Index 4 for Path 41/Row 37 on 03/04/02 = Scene_ID 7041037000206350
Index 5 for Path 42/Row 35 on 03/27/02 = Scene_ID 7042035000208650
Index 6 for Path 42/Row 36 on 03/11/02 = Scene_ID 7042036000207050
Index 7 for Path 43/Row 34 on 03/02/02 = Scene_ID 7043034000206150
Index 7 for Path 43/Row 35 on 03/02/02 = Scene_ID 7043035000206150
Index 7 for Path 43/Row 36 on 03/02/02 = Scene_ID 7043036100206150
Index 8 for Path 44/Row 34 on 04/20/00 = Scene_ID 7044034000011150
Index 8 for Path 44/Row 35 on 04/20/00 = Scene_ID 7044035000011150
LEAF ON (Summer)-
Index 1 for Path 39/Row 37 on 06/07/01 = Scene_ID 7039037000115850
Index 2 for Path 40/Row 36 on 06/17/02 = Scene_ID 7040036000216850
Index 3 for Path 40/Row 37 on 06/14/01 = Scene_ID 7040037000116550
Index 4 for Path 41/Row 36 on 06/21/01 = Scene_ID 7041036000117250
Index 4 for Path 41/Row 37 on 06/21/01 = Scene_ID 7041037000117250
Index 5 for Path 42/Row 35 on 07/30/01 = Scene_ID 7042035000121150
Index 6 for Path 42/Row 36 on 08/12/00 = Scene_ID 7042036000022550
Index 7 for Path 43/Row 34 on 07/21/01 = Scene_ID 7043034000120250
Index 8 for Path 43/Row 35 on 08/06/01 = Scene_ID 7043035000121850
Index 8 for Path 43/Row 36 on 08/06/01 = Scene_ID 7043036100121850
Index 9 for Path 44/Row 34 on 06/10/01 = Scene_ID 7044034000116150
Index 9 for Path 44/Row 35 on 06/10/01 = Scene_ID 7044035100116150
LEAF-OFF (Fall)-
Index 1 for Path 39/Row 37 on 11/14/01 = Scene_ID 7039037000131850
Index 2 for Path 40/Row 36 on 10/04/01 = Scene_ID 7040036000127750
Index 2 for Path 40/Row 37 on 10/04/01 = Scene_ID 7040037000127750
Index 3 for Path 41/Row 36 on 09/06/00 = Scene_ID 7041036000025050
Index 3 for Path 41/Row 37 on 09/06/00 = Scene_ID 7041037000025050
Index 4 for Path 42/Row 35 on 10/18/01 = Scene_ID 7042035000129150
Index 5 for Path 42/Row 36 on 11/16/00 = Scene_ID 7042036000032150
Index 6 for Path 43/Row 34 on 10/25/01 = Scene_ID 7043034000129850
Index 6 for Path 43/Row 35 on 10/25/01 = Scene_ID 7043035000129850
Index 6 for Path 43/Row 36 on 10/25/01 = Scene_ID 7043036100129850
Index 7 for Path 44/Row 34 on 09/30/01 = Scene_ID 7044034000127350
Index 8 for Path 44/Row 35 on 10/13/00 = Scene_ID 7044035000028750

Field-Collected Data- EarthSat's primary method of field point collection uses the locations generated by the statistical sample selection to guide both training and validation point selection. Training and validation points were collected continuously on routes that pass through all or most of these sample areas. Using available GPS (Global Positioning System)/laptop computers, C- CAP field teams can reach up to 1000 sites per day. The technology includes: Laptop computers, Real-time GPS Receiver and interface software with database applications, Computer based real-time fieldwork database entry and manipulation, Geo-referenced digital satellite imagery and classified land cover analysis imagery, GIS ancillary data, such as roads, other land cover analyses, paper maps, and digital elevation models. The first step to field data collection is to determine where to take points. This can be decided by using EarthSat's GeoTools software, a spatial statistics package that will be a standard part of the next installment of ERDAS IMAGINE. First, TIGER (Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing System) roads are acquired, registered to the digital imagery, and mosaicked. A 300-meter buffer of the land cover imagery is generated based upon the TIGER roads. This process of sampling is done to ensure that many factors that account for a spectral value will be considered during the field collection. A data layer is created that is made of hundreds of stratifications based on all of the different types of input data. The three seasons of tasseled cap data are layer-stacked to create a nine-band file. Then the data are masked based on the ten pixel buffered TIGER road file so that only the accessible portions of the imagery remain. These data are stacked in order to incorporate the seasonality into the sample selection. This creates a nine-band file, which is clustered using ISODATA to 250 classes. Then data layers representing the dates of the images used in the zone mosaics for each season are incorporated by matrixing the dates together. Also matrixed to the dataset is the NLCD (National Land Cover Dataset) recoded to match the C- CAP classification scheme and masked by the buffered TIGER roads file. This result is matrixed to the 250-cluster file. This file incorporates information from all of these datasets to form stratifications for the random sampling process. The matrixed one-band layer is then input into GeoTools. A 10,000-meter grid is produced in GeoTools. Fifty stratified grid samples per mosaic are selected based on the stratifications of the imagery. These grids are used to determine where the field route will occur. The route passed through nearly all of the grids. This guarantees the best mix of the field points based on the factors mentioned. A version of this layer was made that is not limited by the TIGER roads buffer. This version was used for Digital Ortho-photograph Quadrangle (DOQ) selection. A list of stratified random DOQ's were submitted to USGS/EROS. These DOQ's were used as ground truth for impervious features in the classification of the developed categories. Fifteen samples were selected for each zone. The field points were collected by GPS (Global Positioning System). The GPS is connected to a lap-top computer that is used as a data logger. IMAGINE software (GPS Tool) allows the GPS location to be tracked over the imagery displayed in the viewer. Another module (RGMID), which was designed by EarthSat and programmed by ERDAS, allows the selection of a pixel from the viewer and the association of various characteristics gleaned from the field to be recorded in a table. The items that are typically noted in the field include: Canopy cover Vegetation types by species (where applicable) Land Cover characterization Soils (if relevant) Special conditions and remarks Photography/video Date/time X,Y location (Z if relevant) The data and equipment used for the fieldwork are as follows: Ancillary datasets: TIGER 2000 NLCD NWI - mosaicked into zones State road map and Delorme state atlas www.delorme.com Hardware: Lap-tops with IMAGINE and data GARMIN GPS modules and external antennae, redundant data cables Digital Cameras Backup devices (CD writers) Extra batteries (lap-top and GPS) DC to AC adapters, and splitters Car fuses, flashlights, basic tools Mobile phones (if available) Calculator System backup CD's with operating system and software Compass Field notebooks with instructions and road maps with pre-determined routes Imagery: Multi-spectral data for each zone Initial classifications EarthSat utilized the RGMID software from ERDAS IMAGINE to facilitate field efforts. This software allows GPS tracking over imagery in its native IMAGINE file format (.img). Classification: After the field points for training were collected, they were used as the dependent variable in a CART classification approach. Many layers used as the independent variables such as tasseled cap imagery, DEM's (Digital Elevation Model), slope and aspect, NWI, other classifications, and an image date file that corresponds to the mosaics. The rough classification was created using only the CART discrete decision-tree approach. Then the provisional classification was produced by doing some regression tree analysis on certain classes such as urban and to distinguish certain feature types from each other such as grass and scrub, or scrub and trees, etc. The final-no-edits version was created using the latest file applied to many models that incorporated some ancillary data and spatial analysis on the data. Then this data was hand edited using screen digitizing techniques while training on the terraserver ortho-photos to produce the final-with-edits classification. Attributes for this product are as follows: 0 Background 1 Unclassified (Cloud, Shadow, etc) 2 High Intensity Developed 3 Low Intensity Developed 4 Cultivated Land 5 Grassland 6 Deciduous Forest 7 Evergreen Forest 8 Mixed Forest 9 Scrub/Shrub 10 Palustrine Forested Wetland 11 Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland 12 Palustrine Emergent Wetland 13 Estuarine Forested Wetland 14 Estuarine Scrub/Shrub Wetland 15 Estuarine Emergent Wetland 16 Unconsolidated Shore 17 Bare Land 18 Water 19 Palustrine Aquatic Bed 20 Estuarine Aquatic Bed 21 Tundra 22 Snow/Ice Ancillary Datasets: Non-TM image datasets used are DEM (Digital Elevation Model), NWI, TIGER2000, field-collected points, California GAP (Gap Analysis Program) , FRAP (Fire Risk Assessment Program), and CERES (California Environmental Resources Evaluation System). Non-TM image datasets used specifically for this classification are DEM, Slope, Topographic Position Index, and National Wetlands Inventory. There were several QA/QC steps involved in the creation of this product. First, there was an internal QA/QC. This was done by viewing the classification frame- by-frame along with the TM imagery and the Terraserver ortho-photos, then recording a point everywhere there was a classification error along with comments. NOAA staff did the same to our product as our internal review. A third review occurred when a Boeing/Autometric representative reviewed the data mainly for issues that may occur with the format, attributes, slivers, grid, etc. Finally, a plant identification specialist was hired to field verify the late-date classification. Post-Processing Steps: The three zones were analyzed separately and so were mosaicked as a final post- processing step.

Process_Date: 20021101 - 20031001
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: CRS (Coastal Remote Sensing) Program Manager
Contact_Organization:
NOAA Coastal Services Center Coastal Change Analysis Program (C-CAP)
Contact_Position: CRS Program Manager
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 2234 S. Hobson Ave.
City: Charleston
State_or_Province: SC
Postal_Code: 29405
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843-740-1210
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 843-740-1224
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: clearinghouse@csc.noaa.gov
Hours_of_Service: 8:00 am to 5:00 p.m. EST. M-F
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Methods used to generate the land cover dataset for zone 04 described above are similar to and compatible with methods used in other zones of the NLCD dataset. For coastal zones mapped by NOAA and/or NOAA contractors, the land cover dataset classification codes and the source dataset for classification of urban areas is different. For national consistency, an additional process step was added to cross-walk the NOAA class codes to standard NLCD 2001 class codes described in the Entity and Attribute Information section of this document. NOAA urban pixel values were replaced with values determined from the NLCD 2001 percent imperviousness mapping product. The four classes in urban and suburban areas were determined from the percent imperviousness mapping product (described in the next section). The threshold for the four classes is: (1) developed open space (imperviousness < 20%), (2) low-intensity developed (imperviousness from 20 - 49%), (3) medium intensity developed (imperviousness from 50 -79%), and (4) high-intensity developed (imperviousness > 79%).

The completed single pixel product was then generalized to a 1 acre (approximately 5 ETM+ 30 m pixel patch) minimum mapping unit product using a "smart eliminate" algorithm. This aggregation program subsumes pixels from the single pixel level to a 5- pixel patch using a queens algorithm at doubling intervals. The algorithm consults a weighting matrix to guide merging of cover types by similarity, resulting in a product that preserves land cover logic as much as possible.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat ETM, DOQQ, USDA, FIA, DEM, USGS/EROS, IKONOS
Process_Date: Unknown
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS NLCD
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS/EROS
Address: 47914 252nd Street
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605/594-6151
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605/594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 24950
Column_Count: 15943
Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Albers Conical Equal Area
Albers_Conical_Equal_Area:
Standard_Parallel: 29.500000
Standard_Parallel: 45.500000
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -96.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 23.000000
False_Easting: 0.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 30.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 30.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Layer_1
Entity_Type_Definition: NLDC Land Cover Layer
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: National Land Cover Database 2001
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ObjectID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Count
Attribute_Definition:
A nominal integer value that designates the number of pixels that have each value in the file; histogram column in ERDAS Imagine raster attributes table
Attribute_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Integer
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Value
Attribute_Definition:
Land Cover Class Code Value. Class definitions marked with an asterisk (*) are Coastal NLCD Classes only.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No data value, Alaska zones only
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 11
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Open Water - All areas of open water, generally with less than 25% cover or vegetation or soil
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 12
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Perennial Ice/Snow - All areas characterized by a perennial cover of ice and/or snow, generally greater than 25% of total cover.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 21
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Developed, Open Space - Includes areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses. Impervious surfaces account for less than 20 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 22
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Developed, Low Intensity -Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 20-49 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 23
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Developed, Medium Intensity - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50-79 percent of the total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 24
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Developed, High Intensity - Includes highly developed areas where people reside or work in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial. Impervious surfaces account for 80 to100 percent of the total cover.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 31
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) - Barren areas of bedrock, desert pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand dunes, strip mines, gravel pits and other accumulations of earthen material. Generally, vegetation accounts for less than 15% of total cover.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 32
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Unconsolidated Shore* - Unconsolidated material such as silt, sand, or gravel that is subject to inundation and redistribution due to the action of water. Characterized by substrates lacking vegetation except for pioneering plants that become established during brief periods when growing conditions are favorable. Erosion and deposition by waves and currents produce a number of landforms representing this class.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 41
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Deciduous Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 42
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Evergreen Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species maintain their leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 43
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Mixed Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. Neither deciduous nor evergreen species are greater than 75 percent of total tree cover.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 51
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Dwarf Scrub - Alaska only areas dominated by shrubs less than 20 centimeters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This type is often co-associated with grasses, sedges, herbs, and non-vascular vegetation.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 52
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Shrub/Scrub - Areas dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 71
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Grassland/Herbaceous - Areas dominated by grammanoid or herbaceous vegetation, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. These areas are not subject to intensive management such as tilling, but can be utilized for grazing.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 72
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Sedge/Herbaceous - Alaska only areas dominated by sedges and forbs, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. This type can occur with significant other grasses or other grass like plants, and includes sedge tundra, and sedge tussock tundra.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 73
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Lichens - Alaska only areas dominated by fruticose or foliose lichens generally greater than 80% of total vegetation.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 74
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Moss- Alaska only areas dominated by mosses, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 81
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Pasture/Hay - Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops, typically on a perennial cycle. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 82
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Cultivated Crops - Areas used for the production of annual crops, such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton, and also perennial woody crops such as orchards and vineyards. Crop vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. This class also includes all land being actively tilled.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 90
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Woody Wetlands - Areas where forest or shrub land vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 91
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Palustrine Forested Wetland* -Includes all tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation greater than or equal to 5 meters in height and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 92
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Palustrine Scrub/Shrub Wetland* - Includes all tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation less than 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent. The species present could be true shrubs, young trees and shrubs or trees that are small or stunted due to environmental conditions.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 93
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Estuarine Forested Wetland* - Includes all tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation greater than or equal to 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 94
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Estuarine Scrub/Shrub Wetland* - Includes all tidal wetlands dominated by woody vegetation less than 5 meters in height, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent. Total vegetation coverage is greater than 20 percent.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 95
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands - Areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for greater than 80 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 96
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Palustrine Emergent Wetland (Persistent)* - Includes all tidal and non-tidal wetlands dominated by persistent emergent vascular plants, emergent mosses or lichens, and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent. Plants generally remain standing until the next growing season.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 97
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Estuarine Emergent Wetland* - Includes all tidal wetlands dominated by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes (excluding mosses and lichens) and all such wetlands that occur in tidal areas in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent and that are present for most of the growing season in most years. Perennial plants usually dominate these wetlands.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 98
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Palustrine Aquatic Bed* - The Palustrine Aquatic Bed class includes tidal and nontidal wetlands and deepwater habitats in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is below 0.5 percent and which are dominated by plants that grow and form a continuous cover principally on or at the surface of the water. These include algal mats, detached floating mats, and rooted vascular plant assemblages.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: 99
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Estuarine Aquatic Bed* - Includes tidal wetlands and deepwater habitats in which salinity due to ocean-derived salts is equal to or greater than 0.5 percent and which are dominated by plants that grow and form a continuous cover principally on or at the surface of the water. These include algal mats, kelp beds, and rooted vascular plant assemblages.
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001 land cover class descriptions
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Red
Attribute_Definition:
Red color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes. The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user. Standard user defined ramp for NLCD project is start color light gray, end color red.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: CSS Color Value Percentage
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Green
Attribute_Definition:
Green color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes. The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user. Standard user defined ramp for NLCD project is start color light gray, end color red.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: CSS Color Value Percentage
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Blue
Attribute_Definition:
Blue color code for RGB slice by value for canopy image display purposes. The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user. Standard user defined ramp for NLCD project is start color light gray, end color red.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: CSS Color Value Percentage
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Opacity
Attribute_Definition:
A measure of how opaque, or solid, a color is displayed in a layer.
Attribute_Definition_Source: NLCD 2001
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percentage
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
Attributes defined by USGS and ESRI.
Class Red Green Blue
0 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000
1 0.000000000 1.000000000 0.000000000
11 0.325490196 0.462745098 0.662745098
12 0.854901961 0.913725490 1.000000000
21 0.913725490 0.819607843 0.815686275
22 0.890196078 0.615686275 0.545098039
23 0.976470588 0.000000000 0.000000000
24 0.705882353 0.000000000 0.000000000
31 0.741176471 0.725490196 0.670588235
32 1.000000000 1.000000000 1.000000000
41 0.443137255 0.701960784 0.419607843
42 0.137254902 0.423529412 0.231372549
43 0.752941176 0.827450980 0.607843137
51 0.694117647 0.588235294 0.235294118
52 0.835294118 0.764705882 0.533333333
71 0.925490196 0.925490196 0.796078431
72 0.823529412 0.823529412 0.505882353
73 0.635294118 0.796078431 0.321568627
74 0.513725490 0.725490196 0.619607843
81 0.901960784 0.882352941 0.282352941
82 0.709803922 0.486274510 0.200000000
90 0.760784314 0.878431373 0.949019608
95 0.486274510 0.674509804 0.772549020
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
Attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute defined in the Entity and Attribute Section. Note: To ensure all areas of mapping zone 04 are completely covered, a 3,000 meter (100 Landsat pixels) buffer was added to the boundary of mapping zone 04.

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Customer Service Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS/EROS
Address: 47914 252nd Street
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605/594-6151
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605/594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
Contact_Instructions:
The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site. Questions about the NLCD mapping zone 04 can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.
Resource_Description: Downloadable data
Distribution_Liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Data may have been compiled from various outside sources. Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards. This information may be updated without notification. The USGS shall not be liable for any activity involving these data, installation, fitness of the data for a particular purpose, its use, or analyses results.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Arc/Info Export Format and/or ArcView Shapefile
Format_Version_Number: ArcGIS 9.0
Format_Specification: ASCII
Transfer_Size: 0.001
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: <http://seamless.usgs.gov>
Access_Instructions:
The URL <http://seamless.usgs.gov> provides a map interface that allows for data downloads within a customer defined area of interest. Zoom tools are available that can be used to investigate areas of interest on the map interface. The download tool allows the customer to capture layers from the map, utilizing the Seamless Data Distribution System process for downloading. A request summary page is then generated with the download layers listed. By clicking the "download" button on the summary page, a zipped file will be generated that can be saved on the customer's computer. The file can then be unzipped and imported into various user software applications.
Online_Computer_and_Operating_System: Not available for dissemination
Fees: None
Ordering_Instructions: Contact Customer Services
Turnaround: Variable
Custom_Order_Process: Contact Customer Services Representative
Technical_Prerequisites:
ESRI ArcMap Suite and/or Arc/Info software, and supporting operating systems.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20061116
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Customer Services Representative
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: USGS/EROS
Address: 47914 252nd Street
City: Sioux Falls
State_or_Province: SD
Postal_Code: 57198-0001
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 605/594-6151
Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: 605/594-6933
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 605/594-6589
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: custserv@usgs.gov
Hours_of_Service: 0800 - 1600 CT, M - F (-6h CST/-5h CDT GMT)
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
Metadata_Security_Information:
Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None
Metadata_Security_Classification: None
Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

Generated by mp version 2.8.6 on Thu Nov 16 10:40:44 2006